Reuters
UK: August 28, 2006
LONDON – Biofuels can both bring down high pump prices and help halt climate change, their supporters hope.
But the result of the global boom in the green fuel additive may just have precisely the opposite effects in the near-term, according to both oil company executives and green campaigners.
The higher cost of the new fuel will end up being passed down to drivers by the oil industry, and the rush to plant more biofuel crops could result in burning swathes of virgin forest cleared for cultivation, speeding up global warming.
Heightened political worries about climate change, energy security and soaring oil prices have triggered a race to produce the alternative fuel, made from sugars, cereals and vegetable oils, as rules are enforced stipulating the minimum amounts that must be blended with fossil fuels.
In the United States 46 ethanol plants are in the pipeline, 100-plus Brazilian ethanol sugar mills are expected by 2011, the EU sees cereals use for biofuels quadrupling by 2013, and Indonesia and Malaysia are to set aside two-fifths of their palm oil output for biodiesel.
But compared to conventional gasoline, biofuels are still uneconomic in developed countries and hefty tariffs and transport costs weigh on imports.
And as capacity explodes the expected forest clearance could release a surge of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, environmental campaigners say.
A key threat of high biofuel costs is a pump price hike. In the United States this year law-changes requiring greater blending sparked an ethanol shortage and cost surge which refiners passed on at the pump.
“Otherwise they’d be selling gasoline at an eye-watering loss,” said Phil New, global head of biofuels at BP, the biggest ethanol blender in the U.S. last year.
The European Union could be set for the same.
The bloc has set a minimum target of 7 percent biofuels by volume by 2010 compared to 1 percent currently, according to Darran Messem, head of biofuels at Royal Dutch Shell, the world’s biggest biofuels distributor.
EU states are gradually shifting the onus for meeting the target on to refiners — away from tax reliefs — with the risk these will pass on higher costs to car drivers.
“You’ve clearly got inflationary pressure,” said Messem.
“You could imagine that (the costs of an EU ethanol shortage) would be passed on to the consumer because retail markets are so tight,” said BP’s New.
FOREST BURN
Problems loom at the production end too.
Burning biofuels belches out fewer greenhouse gases than conventional fossil fuels because the plants they are derived from absorbed those same gases in the first place.
The hitch is that the explosion in capacity taps sources like Indonesia and Brazil, where new palm oil and sugar plantations could threaten rainforests. Burning them would more than wipe out any climate change advantage.
Malaysia is due to start selling a 5 percent palm oil-diesel blend at domestic pumps in October, while Indonesia — which plans to open six million hectares to biofuel plantations — has set a 10 percent biofuels target by 2010.
The difficulty for refiners is matching these targets without harming the environment through deforestation.
“Because we do have operations in markets that are interested in putting in place palm oil mandates we are taking a close look at implications,” said Messem. Neither Shell nor BP currently blend palm oil.
The fear among green groups is that if they start, in wilder forest outbacks producers could hoodwink the refiners’ checks.
“We’ve seen the rate of deforestation in the Amazon,” said leading environmental campaigner George Monbiot. “Who’s to stop them from clearing land for palm oil? Who’s going to blow the whistle?”
It is a problem the oil industry says it is taking seriously.
“It’s very difficult for us to police and enforce compliance with national law,” Messen said. “We work closely with our suppliers to try and make sure those standards are adhered to.”
The European Commission is considering some form of environmental reporting to put the spotlight on an expected palm oil import surge into the EU.
“The Commission is reviewing its biofuels directive and among the possible proposals we are indeed considering the use of origin certificates,” a spokesman said.
Such environmental problems could have a longer-term fix, from as early as 2010, as refiners research alternative biofuel feedstock, using for example the shrub Jatropha which can grow in semi-arid areas, or waste like straw and woodchips.
Story by Gerard Wynn
This website and sisters royaldutchshellplc.com, shellnazihistory.com, royaldutchshell.website, johndonovan.website, and shellnews.net, are owned by John Donovan. There is also a Wikipedia segment.
Royal Dutch Shell conspired directly with Hitler, financed the Nazi Party, was anti-Semitic and sold out its own Dutch Jewish employees to the Nazis. Shell had a close relationship with the Nazis during and after the reign of Sir Henri Deterding, an ardent Nazi, and the founder and decades long leader of the Royal Dutch Shell Group. His burial ceremony, which had all the trappings of a state funeral, was held at his private estate in Mecklenburg, Germany. The spectacle (photographs below) included a funeral procession led by a horse drawn funeral hearse with senior Nazis officials and senior Royal Dutch Shell directors in attendance, Nazi salutes at the graveside, swastika banners on display and wreaths and personal tributes from Adolf Hitler and Reichsmarschall, Hermann Goring. Deterding was an honored associate and supporter of Hitler and a personal friend of Goring.
Deterding was the guest of Hitler during a four day summit meeting at Berchtesgaden. Sir Henri and Hitler both had ambitions on Russian oil fields. Only an honored personal guest would be rewarded with a private four day meeting at Hitler’s mountain top retreat.
IN JULY 2007, MR BILL CAMPBELL (ABOVE, A RETIRED GROUP AUDITOR OF SHELL INTERNATIONAL SENT AN EMAIL TO EVERY UK MP AND MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS: 
MORE DETAILS:
A head-cut image of Alfred Donovan (now deceased) appears courtesy of The Wall Street Journal.
